Learning Related Mental Disorders:

Learning Related Mental Disorders are found in childhood.  Learning-related psychosis involves a child experiencing disruptions in learning, coordination of muscles, and coordination of physical activity, as well as communication with other individuals.

A child with this psychosis has difficulty in understanding new or complex information - learning, taking more time to learn as he matures in his daily activities such as closing buttons, looking in the mirror and tilting his head properly.  The child has difficulty understanding verbal and nonverbal language and information.  There is a deficiency in the child's ideological and logical ability.

(a) Dyslexia: 

Dyslexia was included in the DSM-IV in learning psychosis.  DSM-V has been included in Specific Learning Disorder.  According to a survey, 17 per cent of school-age children in the United States have this problem, according to a 2012 survey, the incidence of dyslexia in India was 9.87 per cent.

It is more common in boys than in girls.  Different symptoms of dyslexia occur at different stages of age.

But if we look at its common symptoms, the following symptoms are found in the child: 

1. Late development of speaking ability in childhood compared to other children, 

2. Difficulty in pronouncing words 

3. Difficulty in learning new words and difficulty in memorizing learned words, 

4.  Inability to understand words 

5. Failure to distinguish between words with similar pronunciation 

6. Difficulty in language writing skills (not understanding the difference between p and q, errors in spelling of alphabets like w, m, p, q, b, d  ) 

7. Write a word with different spellings. 

8. Difficulty in coordination of functional components (e.g. difficulty in catching the ball, stringing the needle, beading, tying the shoelaces, etc.) 

9. Difficulty reading  Feeling hesitant to stand up and speak.  

10. Lack of motivation to achieve academic achievement. 

It is more appropriate to call this disorder, which is inherited or caused by a defect in the nervous system, a 'disability' than a 'disorder'.

A person with such a disability can make a definite progress in the life of a child if he is properly trained, his abilities are recognized and developed.

The film 'Taare Zami Par' provides an excellent example of this.  In addition to real life examples, Thomas Alva Edison, George Washington, Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Bill Gates, etc. had dyslexia in childhood.

(b) Autism:

Autism is known in clinical terms as ASD - Spectrum Disorder.  DSM V Autisms been shown to associate autism with social communication disorder.  Selfishness is a developmental disorder. 

On March 27, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States studied the prevalence of autism and found that one in every 68 children has the disorder.  The disorder is found in one in 42 boys and one in 189 girls.  Which shows that the prevalence of this disorder is higher in boys.  Survey data from 2013 shows that the rate of autism in India ranges from 1 to 1.5 percent.

Autism is a complex developmental disorder characterized by symptoms in the first three years after birth.  This disorder, caused by a defect in the nerve, affects the normal functioning of the brain.  Which affects the child's social interactions and verbal-non-verbal communication.  

The child repeats one action at a time.  Can't talk eye to eye with other people.  Usually the child avoids getting eye contact with other individuals.  He mostly prefers to play alone.  The child cannot express his thoughts and feelings in front of the other person, the child repeatedly repeats what is said to him i.e. the mother repeatedly tells the child to come here, then the child comes here, you come here.  He laughs uncontrollably or smiles faintly, he is not afraid of real horrible situations, he does not feel pain, he is often seen turning things upside down.

Children with autism have sleep disturbances, cramps, and digestive problems.  Therefore, it is beneficial for such children to be given behavioral psychotherapy along with medical treatment.

(c) Attention Deficit - Hyperactive Disorder:

This disorder related to difficulty concentrating and excessive restlessness in children is included in DSM-V disorders related to neurodevelopment related disorders.

Research in a group of 4 to 17 year olds shows that its prevalence in the United States has increased year by year.  The incidence of ADHD was 7.8 percent in 2003, 9.5 percent in 2007 and 11 percent in 2011.  India also has an ADHD rate of 5 to 10 percent.  In general, the incidence of this disorder is higher in male children than in female children.

Children with ADHD have three main symptoms - 

attention deficit,

impulsiveness

hyperactivity.

Children with this disorder can no longer focus on a single stimulus, are unable to follow instructions, cannot complete a task, have difficulty organizing and completing a task in a planned manner, dreaming, sitting still in one place for a long time.  

Tends to ignore actions, can't play the game peacefully, is extremely talkative, always moving from one place to another, running or climbing things, not having the patience to wait for his turn, answering before the question is over  Haste etc. are found to have symptoms.

[Reference - Std 12 psychology textbook]